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|birth_date = May 1937 |birth_place = Jaffa, Mandatory Palestine |death_date = |death_place = Baghdad, Iraq |resting_place = al-Karakh Islamic cemetery, Baghdad |resting_place_coordinates = |nationality = Palestinian |organization = }} |movement = Palestinian Rejectionist Front}} Sabri Khalil al-Banna (Arabic: صبري خليل البنا, May 1937 – 16 August 2002), known as Abu Nidal (أبو نضال), was the founder of Fatah – The Revolutionary Council (فتح المجلس الثوري), a militant Palestinian splinter group commonly known as the Abu Nidal Organization (ANO).〔Yossi Melman, ''The Master Terrorist: The True Story Behind Abu Nidal'', Sidgwick & Jackson, 1987 (), p. 213.〕 At the height of its power in the 1970s and 1980s, the ANO was widely regarded as the most ruthless of the Palestinian groups.〔John Kifner, ("On the bloody trail of Sabri al-Banna" ), ''The New York Times'', 14 September 1986. Jonathan C. Randal, ("Abu Nidal Battles Dissidents" ), ''The Washington Post'', 10 June 1990. Paul Thomas Chamberlin, ''The Global Offensive: The United States, the Palestine Liberation Organization, and the Making of the Post-Cold War Order'', Oxford University Press, 2012, p. 173.〕 Abu Nidal ("father of struggle") formed the ANO in October 1974 after a split from Yasser Arafat's Fatah faction within the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).〔Patrick Seale, ''Abu Nidal: A Gun for Hire'', Hutchinson, 1992, p. 99. For "father of struggle," As'ad AbuKhalil and Michael R. Fischbach, "Biography of Abu Nidal – Sabri al-Bana," in Philip Mattar (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of the Palestinians'', 2005 (), p. (11 ). Melman 1987 translates it as "father of the struggle" (p. 53).〕 Acting as a freelance contractor, Abu Nidal is believed to have ordered attacks in 20 countries, killing over 300 and injuring over 650.〔Rex A. Hudson, ("The Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism: Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why?" ), Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, September 1999, p. 97. ("Abu Nidal Organization (ANO)" ), United States Department of State, June 2004. (Randal (''Washington Post''), 10 June 1990 ).〕 The group's operations included the Rome and Vienna airport attacks on 27 December 1985, when gunmen opened fire on passengers in simultaneous shootings at El Al ticket counters, killing 20. Patrick Seale, Abu Nidal's biographer, wrote of the shootings that their "random cruelty marked them as typical Abu Nidal operations."〔Seale 1992, p. 243. For 16 dead in Rome and four in Vienna, Roberto Suro, ("Palestinian Gets 30 Years for Rome Airport Attack" ), ''The New York Times'', 13 February 1988.〕 Abu Nidal died after a shooting in his Baghdad apartment in August 2002. Palestinian sources believed he was killed on the orders of Saddam Hussein, but Iraqi officials insisted he had committed suicide during an interrogation.〔Brian Whitaker, ("Mystery of Abu Nidal's death deepens" ), ''The Guardian'', 22 August 2002. Robert Fisk, ("Abu Nidal, notorious Palestinian mercenary, 'was a US spy'" ), ''The Independent'', 25 October 2008.〕 David Hirst wrote in the ''Guardian'' on the news of his death: "He was the patriot turned psychopath. He served only himself, only the warped personal drives that pushed him into hideous crime. He was the ultimate mercenary."〔David Hirst, ("Abu Nidal" ), ''The Guardian'', 20 August 2002.〕 ==Early life== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abu Nidal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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